lautnusantara.com Desmersal fish meat is not only a rich source of animal protein, but also holds great potential as a source of bioactive compounds that can be utilized in functional foods. These bioactive compounds are components that have beneficial effects on health beyond their basic nutritional value.

Types of Bioactive Compounds and Their Benefits
Some of the main types of bioactive compounds found in demersal fish meat include:

• Bioactive Peptides: These are short chains of amino acids formed from protein hydrolysis. These peptides can have a variety of biological activities, such as antihypertensive (lowering blood pressure), antioxidant (protecting cells from damage), antimicrobial (fighting bacteria and other microorganisms), immunomodulatory (regulating the immune system), and anticoagulant (preventing blood clotting). These bioactive peptides are often produced through fermentation or enzymatic hydrolysis of fish meat proteins.
• Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA): Especially omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). These fatty acids are known for their benefits for heart health, brain and eye development, and anti-inflammatory properties. Although pelagic fish (surface fish) are often richer in omega-3s, some bottom fish also have significant levels, especially those from cold waters.
• Collagen and Gelatin: These compounds are structural proteins abundant in the skin, bones, and connective tissues of fish. In addition to being used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, collagen and gelatin from fish have the potential as antioxidants, antihypertensive agents, and are also good for joint and skin health.
• Vitamins and Minerals: Bottom fish meat also contains various vitamins (such as vitamins D and B12) and minerals (such as selenium, iodine, and phosphorus) that are essential for optimal body function and act as natural antioxidants.

Applications in Functional Foods
The utilization of bioactive compounds from bottom fish meat in functional foods is very diverse, including:

• Antihypertensive Products: Protein extracts or hydrolysates rich in antihypertensive peptides can be incorporated into drinks, supplements, or snacks.
• Antioxidant Supplements: Peptides and PUFAs can be extracted and formulated into supplements to combat oxidative stress.
• Immunity Enhancers: Certain compounds can be added to foods to support immune system function.
• Foods for Joint and Skin Health: Collagen and gelatin from fish can be used in collagen drinks, desserts, or processed meat products for these benefits.
• Food Fortification: Nutrient-rich extracts or bioactive compounds can be added to various food products to enhance their functional value.

Challenges and Prospects
Despite its great potential, there are several challenges in utilizing these bioactive compounds, such as standardization of the extraction process, compound stability, and consumer acceptance of fortified products. However, with continued research and development, bottom fish meat has bright prospects as a sustainable natural raw material source for future functional food innovations.

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