lautnusantara.com - Sharks and rays share a close biological relationship as both belong to the same group of fish known as Chondrichthyes. They are classified under the subclass Elasmobranchii, which includes cartilaginous fish. Despite their differences in appearance and behavior, sharks and rays share several common traits. They possess similar skeletal structures, characterized by cartilage rather than bone, providing them with flexibility and agility in the water. Both species have gill slits for respiration and pectoral fins for maneuverability.

Additionally, they share a predatory nature, preying on various marine organisms. While rays have evolved to have flattened bodies for bottom-dwelling and often possess venomous stingers, sharks exhibit a streamlined shape and are known for their sharp teeth and powerful swimming abilities. 

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Despite these distinctions, the relation between sharks and rays lies in their shared ancestry and the common adaptations that have allowed them to thrive in the marine environment. There are several similarities between sharks and rays:

1.    Cartilaginous Skeleton 
Both sharks and rays have skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. This feature gives them a flexible and lightweight body structure.

2.    Gill Slits
Sharks and rays possess gill slits on their sides that allow them to extract oxygen from the water. These slits are used for respiration and are crucial for their survival.

3.    Pectoral Fins
Both sharks and rays have large, wing-like pectoral fins on their sides. These fins help with maneuverability and stability while swimming.

4.    Dermal Denticles
Sharks and rays have rough skin covered in dermal denticles, which are small, tooth-like scales. These denticles reduce drag in the water and provide protection against parasites and injuries.

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5.    Similar Body Shapes
Many rays, particularly the stingrays, have a flattened body shape similar to that of sharks. This body design allows them to glide through the water and live close to the ocean floor.

6.    Internal Reproduction
Sharks and rays use internal fertilization for reproduction. The males have claspers, specialized reproductive organs, which they use to transfer sperm into the female's reproductive tract.

7.    Predatory Nature
Both sharks and rays are carnivorous predators. They have well-developed senses and specialized adaptations for hunting and capturing prey, such as keen eyesight, electroreception, and sharp teeth.

8.    Marine Habitats
Sharks and rays are predominantly marine creatures, although some species can also be found in freshwater environments. They inhabit various regions of the world's oceans and play important roles in marine ecosystems.

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